Filed for intro on 02/03/2005
HOUSE BILL 95
By Overbey
SENATE BILL 1591
By Norris
AN ACT to amend Tennessee Code Annotated, Title 29, Chapter
26, Part 1, relative to malpractice.
BE IT ENACTED BY THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY OF THE STATE OF TENNESSEE:
SECTION 1. Tennessee Code Annotated, Section 29-26-119, is amended by deleting
the section in its entirety and by substituting instead the following:
(a) In any malpractice action in which liability is admitted or established, the
damages awarded may include (in addition to other elements of damages authorized by
law) actual economic losses suffered by the claimant by reason of the personal injury
including, but not limited to the cost of reasonable and necessary medical care,
rehabilitation services and custodial care, the loss of services and the loss of income.
Such damages shall be awarded only to the extent that such costs are not paid or
payable and such losses are not replaced, or indemnified in whole or in part, pursuant
to:
(1) The United States social security act;
(2) Any state or federal income disability or worker's compensation act;
(3) Any health, sickness or income-disability insurance;
(4) Any accident insurance that provides health benefits or incomedisability
coverage; or
(5) Any contract or agreement of any group, organization, partnership or
corporation to provide, pay for or reimburse the cost of medical, hospital, dental
or other health care services.
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The defendant may introduce evidence of any such costs paid or payable as a benefit to
the plaintiff; however, if the defendant elects to introduce such evidence, then the
plaintiff may introduce evidence of any amount paid or contributed by the plaintiff to
secure the right to receive such benefits.
(b) No source of collateral benefits, identified within subsection (a), shall recover
any amount against the plaintiff nor shall it be subrogated to the rights of the plaintiff
against a defendant.
(c) In any malpractice action in which liability is admitted or established, the
damages awarded may include (in addition to other elements of damages authorized by
law) noneconomic losses; provided, however, damages for such noneconomic losses
shall not exceed two hundred fifty thousand dollars ($250,000).
(d)
(1) In any malpractice action, the trial court shall, at the request of either
party, enter a judgment ordering that money damages or its equivalent for future
damages of the judgment creditor be paid in whole or in part by periodic
payments rather than by a lump-sum payment if the award equals or exceeds
fifty thousand dollars ($50,000) in future damages. In entering a judgment
ordering the payment of future damages by periodic payments, the court shall
make a specific finding as to the dollar amount of periodic payments that will
compensate the judgment creditor for such future damages. As a condition to
authorizing periodic payments of future damages, the court shall require the
judgment debtor who is not adequately insured to post security adequate to
assure full payment of such damages awarded by the judgment. Upon
termination of periodic payments of future damages, the court shall order the
return of this security, or so much as remains, to the judgment debtor.
(2)
(A) The judgment ordering the payment of future damages by
periodic payments shall specify the recipient or recipients of the
payments, the dollar amount of the payments, the interval between
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payments, and the number of payments or the period of time over which
payments shall be made. Such payments shall only be subject to
modification in the event of the death of the judgment creditor.
(B) If the court finds that the judgment debtor has exhibited a
continuing pattern of failing to make the payments, as specified in item
(A), then the court shall find the judgment debtor in contempt of court and,
in addition to the required periodic payments, shall order the judgment
debtor to pay the judgment creditor all damages caused by the failure to
make such periodic payments, including court costs and attorney's fees.
(3) Money damages awarded for loss of future earnings shall not be
reduced or payments terminated by reason of the death of the judgment creditor,
but shall be paid to persons to whom the judgment creditor owed a duty of
support, as provided by law, immediately prior to the judgment creditor's death.
In such cases the court that rendered the original judgment, may, upon petition of
any party in interest, modify the judgment to award and apportion the unpaid
future damages in accordance with this subsection.
(4) Following the occurrence or expiration of all obligations specified in
the periodic payment judgment, any obligation of the judgment debtor to make
further payments shall cease and any security given, pursuant to subdivision (1)
shall revert to the judgment debtor.
(5) As used in this subsection:
(A) "Future damages" includes damages for future medical
treatment, care or custody, rehabilitation services, loss of future earnings,
loss of bodily function, or future pain and suffering of the judgment
creditor.
(B) "Periodic payments" means the payment of money or delivery
of other property to the judgment creditor at regular intervals.
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SECTION 2. Tennessee Code Annotated, Section 29-26-120, is amended by deleting
the language "not to exceed thirty-three and one-third percent (33 B%) of all damages awarded
to the claimant." and by substituting instead the following:
not to exceed the following limitations:
(1) Forty percent (40%) of the first fifty thousand dollars ($50,000) of
damages recovered;
(2) Thirty-three and one-third percent (33B%) of the next fifty thousand
dollars ($50,000) recovered;
(3) Twenty-five percent (25%) of the next five hundred thousand dollars
($500,000) recovered;
(4) Fifteen percent (15%) of any amount on which the recovery exceeds
six hundred thousand dollars ($600,000).
Such limitations shall apply regardless of whether the recovery is by means of
settlement, arbitration or judgment, and regardless of whether the person for whom the
recovery is made is a responsible adult, infant or person of unsound mind.
If periodic payments are awarded to the plaintiff pursuant to §29-26-119, then the
court shall place a total value on such payments based upon the life expectancy of the
plaintiff and shall utilize such total value in computing the total award from which
attorney's fees are calculated under this section.
SECTION 3. Tennessee Code Annotated, Title 29, Chapter 26, Part 1, is amended by
adding the following language as a new, appropriately designated section:
(a) Any contract for medical services that contains a provision for binding
arbitration of any dispute arising from alleged professional negligence of a health care
provider shall have such provision as the first article of the contract and shall be
expressed in the following language:
It is understood that any dispute as to medical malpractice (that is as to
whether any medical services rendered under this contract were unnecessary or
unauthorized or were improperly, negligently or incompetently rendered), will be
determined by submission to binding arbitration in accordance with the rules of
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the Tennessee supreme court, and not by a lawsuit or resort to court process
except as the rules of the Tennessee supreme court may provide for judicial
review of binding arbitration proceedings. Both parties to this contract, by
entering into it, are giving up their constitutional right to have any such dispute
decided in a court of law before a jury, and instead are accepting the use of
binding arbitration.
(b) Immediately before the signature line provided for the individual contracting
for the medical services, the following language must appear in at least 10-point bold red
type:
NOTICE: BY SIGNING THIS CONTRACT YOU ARE AGREEING TO
HAVE ANY ISSUE OF MEDICAL MALPRACTICE DECIDED BY NEUTRAL
ARBITRATION AND YOU ARE GIVING UP YOUR RIGHT TO A JURY OR
COURT TRIAL. SEE ARTICLE I OF THIS CONTRACT.
(c) Once signed, such a contract governs all subsequent open-book account
transactions for medical services for which the contract was signed until or unless
rescinded by written notice within thirty (30) days of signature. Written notice of such
rescission may be given by a guardian or conservator of the patient if the patient is
incapacitated or a minor.
(d) Where the contract is one for medical services to a minor, it shall not be
subject to disaffirmance if signed by the minor's parent or legal guardian.
(e) Such a contract is not a contract of adhesion, nor unconscionable nor
otherwise improper, where it complies with subsections (a), (b) and (c) of this section.
(f) For the purposes of this section:
(1) "Health care provider" means any person or entity, providing healthrelated
services, regulated by the state pursuant to title 63 or title 68, chapter 11;
(2) "Professional negligence" means a negligent act or omission to act by
a health care provider in the rendering of professional services, which act or
omission is the proximate cause of a personal injury or wrongful death, provided
that such services are within the scope of services for which the provider is
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licensed and which are not within any restriction imposed by the licensing agency
or licensed hospital.
SECTION 4. If any provision of this act or the application thereof to any person or
circumstance is held invalid, such invalidity shall not affect other provisions or applications of the
act which can be given effect without the invalid provision or application, and to that end the
provisions of this act are declared to be severable.
SECTION 5. This act shall take effect January 1, 2006, the public welfare requiring it.